Innovative Approaches to Teaching Biology in Online Environments
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Chapter 1: Transitioning Science Education Online
As educational institutions increasingly shift to online formats, the ability to effectively teach science varies across disciplines. Biology, particularly in courses centered on cells, molecules, and genetics, presents unique challenges. Here are several creative approaches educators can adopt that do not rely on traditional laboratory settings.
Section 1.1: Virtual Laboratories
Virtual labs often serve as valuable alternatives when physical access to equipment is limited due to costs, time constraints, or facility restrictions. These platforms can deliver high-quality educational experiences. For example, just as pilots train using flight simulators, students can engage in virtual experiments. Some platforms, such as Labster, may require payment, while others are available at no cost.
My students have utilized virtual laboratories for various molecular biology experiments, including the rapid breeding of virtual fruit flies to study genetic inheritance and simulating large populations for genetics research. Such tools enable students to gather extensive data sets and conduct experiments that may not be feasible in real-world settings. Free resources for exploring Drosophila genetics and population studies are also accessible.
A virtual oxygen electrode laboratory allows students to access specialized equipment that may not otherwise be available. Additionally, I incorporate free virtual labs featuring karyotyping activities where students analyze stained human chromosomes and bacterial identification exercises that demonstrate molecular identification techniques.
Section 1.2: Experiments at Home
Students can also conduct certain experiments independently at home. For instance, my students have successfully isolated DNA from strawberries during online classes. Similarly, experiments exploring enzyme properties using rennin (found in Junket tablets) or bromelain (from pineapples) can be carried out at home, utilizing everyday materials like plastic cups instead of laboratory glassware.
Making fermented foods, like sauerkraut, can enhance discussions on how microbial communities evolve over time. Students can create a pH indicator from red cabbage to test acidity levels at various intervals. Additionally, there are numerous resources available for constructing a Winogradsky column at home, and time-lapse videos can stimulate meaningful conversations.
Section 1.3: Citizen Science Engagement
There are numerous citizen science initiatives that students can engage with to supplement their learning. For instance, Foldit turns protein folding into a game, with current challenges aimed at identifying potential antivirals for COVID-19. Other projects allow students to hone their observational skills through activities like gathering data from historical records or utilizing wildlife cameras, or simply by documenting pollinators with their smartphones. A comprehensive list of ongoing projects is available through the Australian Citizen Science Association.
Chapter 2: Enhancing Skills Beyond the Lab
Laboratory work usually emphasizes techniques and data recording, often leaving little room for analysis and discussion. While students may encounter new methodologies or specialized equipment as they practice scientific principles, mastering every practical technique isn’t necessary to become a proficient scientist.
When laboratory access is restricted, students can learn about various techniques through platforms like JoVE, a peer-reviewed video journal that features high-quality method demonstrations. By providing students with experimental data, more time can be dedicated to analysis. Additionally, mastering bioinformatics tools presents an appealing alternative to some traditional lab experiments.
Furthermore, there is a growing emphasis on improving scientists' communication skills. In non-traditional settings, students can translate their understanding of concepts into different formats, such as creating models or infographics. For example, a student in my class explored the protein RNA polymerase by accessing its 3D structure online and creating a design suitable for 3D printing.
Section 2.1: Quality Alternatives to Traditional Labs
It is crucial to recognize that not all scientists operate in traditional research labs. Numerous opportunities exist for teaching students how to engage in scientific practices outside of conventional laboratory settings. The alternatives to in-person experiments need not be inferior. As the transition to online science education continues due to COVID-19 constraints, I anticipate that we will uncover many high-quality substitutes.